Blood Pressure

What exactly is blood pressure?

The pressure or force of blood inside your arteries is measured by blood pressure. When your heart beats, it sends blood into the arteries that carry it throughout your body. This occurs 60-100 times per minute, 24 hours a day. Arteries transport oxygen and nutrients to your entire body, allowing it to function.

Heart rate vs. blood pressure

Both of these are related to your heart, but they are not the same thing. Blood pressure is the force with which your blood flows through your blood vessels. The number of times your heart beats in one minute is referred to as your heart rate.

Why does blood pressure change?

Your blood pressure does not always remain constant. It varies depending on what you're doing. When you exercise or are excited, your blood pressure rises. Your blood pressure is lower when you are resting.

Your blood pressure may also change as a result of:

• Age.
• Medications you are taking.
• Position changes.

How is blood pressure determined?

Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and is represented by two numbers:

Systolic pressure is the pressure created by your heart when it pushes blood out.

Diastolic pressure is the pressure in your heart when it is at rest between beats.

For example, "140 over 90" or 140/90mmHg means you have a systolic pressure of 140mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 90mmHg.

Which number is more significant?

For people over 50, systolic blood pressure (the first number) is typically emphasized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Systolic blood pressure rises steadily with age in most people due to increased stiffness of large arteries, long-term plaque buildup, and an increased incidence of cardiac and vascular disease.

High blood pressure can be diagnosed using either an elevated systolic or an elevated diastolic blood pressure reading. According to recent research, every 20 mm Hg systolic or 10 mm Hg diastolic increase in blood pressure doubles the risk of death from ischemic heart disease and stroke in people aged 40 to 89.

As a general rule of thumb:

The ideal blood pressure is between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg.

High blood pressure is defined as 140/90mmHg or higher; low blood pressure is defined as less than 90/60mmHg.

Why is blood pressure measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)?

mm, Hg is an abbreviation for millimetres of mercury. Mercury was used in the first accurate pressure gauges and is still used as the standard unit of measurement for pressure in medicine today.

Blood pressure classifications

Normal

Blood pressure readings of less than 120/80 mm Hg are considered normal. If your results fall into this category, maintain heart-healthy habits such as a balanced diet and regular exercise.

Elevated blood pressure 

Elevated blood pressure is defined as readings that are consistently between 120 and 129 systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolic. People who have high blood pressure are more likely to develop high blood pressure unless they take steps to control the condition.

Stage 1 hypertension

Stage 1 hypertension occurs when blood pressure consistently ranges between 130 and 139 mm Hg systolic or 80 and 89 mm Hg diastolic. Doctors will likely prescribe lifestyle changes and may consider adding blood pressure medication at this stage of high blood pressure based on your risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), such as a heart attack or stroke.

Stage 2 hypertension

Stage 2 hypertension occurs when blood pressure is consistently 140/90 mm Hg or higher. Doctors are likely to prescribe a combination of blood pressure medications and lifestyle changes at this stage of high blood pressure.

Hypertensive emergency

This stage of hypertension necessitates medical attention. If your blood pressure suddenly rises above 180/120 mm Hg, wait five minutes before testing again. If your readings remain abnormally high, contact your doctor right away. You could be in the midst of a hypertensive crisis.

If your blood pressure is higher than 180/120 mm Hg and you are experiencing symptoms of possible organ damage such as chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, numbness/weakness, change in vision, or difficulty speaking, don't wait for it to go down on its own. Call emergency help in your country.

Monitoring of blood pressure

01 Emporia BPM-V20-B Digital Upper-Arm Blood Pressure Monitor with Upper-Arm Cuff

About this item

• Clear, easy-to-read XL black display 90x58 mm
• Readings are classified according to a coloured scale (WHO classification)
• Very simple blood pressure measurement, 90x58 mm display
• Internal memory for 2 users with 120 measurements each
• For upper-arm circumferences of 22–40 cm
• Date and time; switches off automatically

£45.00

Brand	Emporia
Included components	4 AA (1.5V) batteries, Storage case, User guide, Upper-arm cuff
Power source	Battery Powered
Band size	40 centimetres
Product dimensions	16L x 9.5W x 13.5Th centimetres

02. Kinetik Wellbeing Fully Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor - Used by the NHS – BIHS & ESH Validated – Universal Cuff (22-42cm) – In Association with St John Ambulance

About this item

• Clinically validated by BIHS & ESH and used by the NHS
• Easy to use and fully automatic - works with the push of a button. Measures on inflation for fast accurate readings
• Easy-to-read quick reference indicator with help of colour coding, based on WHO guidelines
• Comfortable - Quick release cuff fits upper arms from 22-42cm
• In association with St John Ambulance
• Target gender: unisex

£20.00

Colour Name: Blue

Brand	Kinetik Wellbeing
Power source	Battery Powered
Item weight	0.1 Kilograms
Model name	Kinetik Wellbeing Fully Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor In Association With St John Ambulance
Band size	42 centimetres
Product dimensions	11.3L x 2.5W x 5Th centimetres

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Sign Of Good Health

 In the mathematical world nowadays everything is analysed and looking according to numbers, pie charts, data sheets etc. 

Most of the time in a Hospital or when we met the doctor for our illness or check for body health, it may be found in some numbers. 

Here are some numbers you definitely should be aware of and keep in mind.

Blood pressure

Your blood pressure is recorded as two numbers:

• Systolic blood pressure (the first number) – indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls when the heart beats.
• Diastolic blood pressure (the second number) – indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls while the heart is resting between beats.

The good value of blood pressure is 120/80 in the average person and this is an indicator of good heart health. 

For people over 50, systolic blood pressure (the first number) is typically emphasized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Systolic blood pressure rises steadily with age in most people due to increased stiffness of large arteries, long-term plaque buildup, and an increased incidence of cardiac and vascular disease.

High blood pressure can be diagnosed using either an elevated systolic or an elevated diastolic blood pressure reading. According to recent research, every 20 mm Hg systolic or 10 mm Hg diastolic increase in blood pressure doubles the risk of death from ischemic heart disease and stroke in people aged 40 to 89.

heart rate or pulse

The number of times your heart beats in one minute is known as your heart rate or pulse. Individuals' heart rates differ. It is lower at rest and higher when you exercise.

Knowing how to find your pulse can help you determine the best exercise program for you. If you take heart medications, taking your pulse every day and reporting the results to your doctor can help them determine whether your treatment is effective.

A healthy resting heart rate ranges between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Your number may differ. Children's heart rate rates are higher than adults.

Body Temperature

Everyone's "normal" body temperature is different. Yours may differ significantly from someone else's. A German doctor in the nineteenth century set the standard at 98.6 F, but more recent studies show that the average person's baseline temperature is closer to 98.2 F.

A typical adult's body temperature ranges from 97 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit. Babies and children have a slightly wider temperature range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F. it is 36.1 Celcius to 37.2 Celcius for adults and 36.6 C to 38 C in children. 

Haemoglobin Level 

Normal results for adults vary, but in general, are Males: 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 138 to 172 grams per litre (g/L) Females: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL or 121 to 151 g/L.

Cholesterol

The following levels are considered to be "good" in healthy people: Total cholesterol: Levels below 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L) LDL cholesterol: Levels below 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) HDL cholesterol: Levels above 40 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) in men and above 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women

Learn more about Cholesterol Read more 

Potassium

Potassium is a chemical that is essential for nerve and muscle cell function, including that of your heart. Your blood potassium level should be between 3.6 and 5.2 millimoles per litre (mmol/L). A blood potassium level greater than 6.0 mmol/L is dangerous and usually necessitates immediate treatment. 

Sodium 

Sodium is essential to your body. It aids in the maintenance of normal blood pressure, the function of your nerves and muscles, and the regulation of your body's fluid balance. A normal sodium level in the blood ranges between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per litre (mEq/L).

Triglycerides

 Triglycerides are the most common type of fat in the body.

Trusted Source 

Normal — Less than 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or less than 1.7 millimoles per litre (mmol/L) 

Blood sugar Level

Target Levels by Type	Upon waking	Before meals (pre prandial)	At least 90 minutes after meals (post prandial)
Non-diabetic*		4.0 to 5.9 mmol/L	under 7.8 mmol/L
Type 2 diabetes		4 to 7 mmol/L	under 8.5 mmol/L
Type 1 diabetes	5 to 7 mmol/L	4 to 7 mmol/L	5 to 9 mmol/L
Children w/ type 1 diabetes	4 to 7 mmol/L	4 to 7 mmol/L	5 to 9 mmol/L

Iron 

Iron: 60 to 170 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL), or 10.74 to 30.43 micromoles per litre (micromol/L) is the normal range.

White Blood Cells

The normal WBC count in blood is 4,500 to 11,000 per microliter. Normal value ranges may differ slightly between labs. Some laboratories take different measurements or test different specimens. Discuss your test results with your provider.

Red Blood Cells

A normal RBC count would be around: men – 4.0 to 5.9 x 10*12/L. women – 3.8 to 5.2 x 10*12/L.

platelet count 

In adults, a normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. A platelet count of fewer than 150,000 platelets per microliter is considered low. When you have a low platelet count, it may be difficult to stop bleeding.

Calcium

The normal range is 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL (2.13 to 2.55 millimol/L). Normal value ranges may differ slightly between laboratories.

Vitamin D3

Level	Blood test result
Low	30 nmol/l or 12 ng/ml or below
Adequate	50 nmol/l or 20 ng/ml or above
High	125 nmol/l or 50 ng/ml or above

Learn more about Vitamin D Read more 

Vitamin B12 

Typical values range from 160 to 950 picograms per millilitre (pg/mL) or 118 to 701 picomoles per litre (pmol/L). Normal value ranges may differ slightly between laboratories. Some laboratories may use different measurements or test different samples.

Learn more about Vitamin B Read more

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