What exactly is type 4 diabetes?
Type 4 is being considered for use in the treatment of diabetes caused by insulin resistance in older people who are not known to be obese or overweight.
Diabetes type 4 is not an autoimmune disease.
However, type 4 diabetes is linked to the ageing process.
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, for example, are linked to obesity or being overweight.
Type 4 diabetes patients do not have obesity or overweight issues, but they are older.
Although research into type 4 diabetes is still ongoing, scientists have discovered some links.
What are the symptoms of type 4 diabetes? – What are the symptoms of Type 4 diabetes?
- fatigue
- feeling thirsty
- wounds that take time to heal
- excessive hunger
- frequent urination
- weight loss without reason
- blurred vision
What exactly causes type 4 diabetes? - What factors contribute to type 4 diabetes?
Scientists have only recently begun to investigate it.
The cause of type 4 diabetes is still being investigated.
A 2015 rat study discovered several links between type 4 diabetes and immune system dysfunction.
This link, according to the researchers, is rooted in the ageing process.
However, more human research is required in this area.
What are the treatment options for type 4 diabetes?
Diabetes type 4 is not officially recognized.
Many studies are being conducted on various aspects of this condition, including treatment.
Many researchers believe that antibody drugs for this condition will be discovered soon.
Until a drug for type 4 diabetes is developed, drugs for type 2 diabetes will be prescribed.
Type 2 diabetics are also advised to lose weight, whereas type 4 diabetics are not.
You may have heard or read about type 1, type 2, or type 3 diabetes in the past, but type 4 diabetes is now very popular.
Although no official name has been assigned by the researchers, researchers have begun referring to it as Type 4.
Researchers
Researchers led by the Salk Institute scientists discovered that in a mouse model of the disease thought to be predictive of human diabetes, some develop an unusual type that affects old, lean mice in a study published.
Overactivity of a specific type of immune system cell causes this disease. Type 4 diabetes, according to the researchers.
If the study is replicated in humans — a big if — the public health implications will be enormous. Diabetes can cause blindness, kidney and heart disease, and poor blood circulation, all of which can result in amputation. Diabetes is typically associated with obesity, and an unrelated form may go undetected because doctors aren't looking for it.
Ronald Evans and Ye Zheng of the Salk Institute led the research. Evans believes that millions of Americans have this type of diabetes.
The researchers envision developing an antibody drug to reduce the levels of these overactive immune cells as a potential treatment. Evans estimates that it will take at least a few years.
Evans estimates that approximately 20% of diabetics over the age of 65 have this newly identified variant and may be receiving inadequate care. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, more than 9.4 million diabetic Americans were over the age of 65 in 2012. And that figure does not include those who have not been diagnosed.
If Evans' estimate is correct, the total number of Americans with this new type of diabetes could reach around 2 million.
Treatment of lean, elderly diabetics, according to Evans, is less effective because it is primarily focused on reducing fat consumption or losing weight, which isn't a factor for these people. According to Evans, some of the standard diabetes medications, such as metformin, show some efficacy. Metformin is an excellent choice because it is safe and effective.
Announcing a new type of diabetes is a bit premature, according to Alan Saltiel, a diabetes researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Human confirmation is still required. This entails looking for evidence of overactivity of these immune cells, known as T regulatory cells, in elderly, thin people, according to Saltiel. These "Treg" cells reduce inflammation and the immune response.
Despite his reservations, Saltiel, who co-authored an accompanying commentary in Nature, believes the study is significant. It suggests that the diabetes story is far more complicated than previously thought. Suppressing inflammation was thought to be beneficial, but this study shows that it isn't always the case.
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