Over the last century, new medications and computer technology have assisted many people in better managing their diabetes, but optimal glucose control remains out of reach for the majority of diabetics, particularly young people.
Using immunotherapy to cure type-1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is a severe public health problem. The immune system of the body targets insulin-producing pancreatic cells.
Immunotherapies work by reprogramming the immune system to stop attacking and destroying insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. These new treatments may help to prevent or slow the progression of type 1 diabetes in the future.
Diabetes UK established the Type 1 Diabetes Immunotherapy Consortium, a network of scientists and research facilities. It has paved the way for scientists to conduct clinical trials and gain insight into how immunotherapy can aid in treating type 1 diabetes.
Dr Tree, an Immunotherapy Consortium scientist, has established world-class specialized laboratories to analyze blood samples from various studies in order to determine precisely how medicines work to reduce the immune system's response.
A genetic therapy-based cure for diabetes
A study published in Endocrine News discusses a diabetes cure based on genetic therapy. Scientists, they claim, have discovered genetic treatments that allow the body's cells to fight and even cure disease. Researchers are learning how to use viral vectors to introduce genes into beta cells that could protect them from immune attacks.
A recent Cureus article investigates the use of gene therapy to cure type 1 diabetes. To treat illness, gene therapy entails replacing a disease-causing gene with a healthy copy, inactivating a disease-causing gene that isn't working properly or introducing a new or modified gene into the body.
What exactly is Gene Therapy?
Cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases are all being studied using gene therapy. Plasmid DNA, viral vectors, bacterial vectors, human gene editing, and patient-derived cellular gene therapy products are used in gene therapy.
Researchers from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health were the first to show that a DNA-based insulin gene therapy could cure type 1 diabetes.
The researchers induced insulin production in diabetic rats for the first time, allowing them to normalize their body's glucose metabolism. This discovery has paved the way for additional research in this field.
Diabetes can be cured by using stem cell-derived beta cells.
Pancreatic beta cells maintain blood glucose homeostasis by producing and secreting insulin in response to blood glucose fluctuations. Because insulin is the only hormone capable of lowering blood glucose levels, its release into circulation must be tightly controlled.
Diabetes mellitus is caused by a loss of beta cell function. It is a type of metabolic disease characterized by persistently high blood glucose levels. This disease can progress to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or other rare types of diabetes.
Insulin (Read more about insulin) deficiency is caused by the autoimmune death of beta cells in type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, however, insulin deficiency is caused by beta cell dysfunction and is frequently associated with peripheral insulin resistance.
Diabetes types 1 and 2 may be cured with beta cell replacement therapy. Some people with brittle T1D are currently being treated by percutaneous infusion of pancreatic islets into the portal vein, which results in long-term insulin independence, according to research.
For overall metabolic regulation, avoiding severe hypoglycemia, and delaying the progression of micro and macrovascular problems, beta cell replacement is preferable to insulin treatment.
Stem cell therapy currently has some drawbacks and challenges. These include stem cell-derived beta cell functional immaturity, tumorigenesis risk, graft immune rejection, and the emergence of encapsulation devices.
Diabetes treatment with insulin inhibitory receptors
The study, which was published in ScienceDaily, is aimed at developing regenerative treatments for diabetes that are both complementary and alternative to conventional immunological and metabolic therapy.
Researchers discovered a viable molecular target for beta cell protection and regeneration treatment that does not have the negative side effects of intensive insulin therapy by using the insulin inhibitory receptor.
The researchers used mice to demonstrate that the inceptor's role is to protect the beta cells that produce insulin from constant activation of the insulin pathway. Insulin resistance may be increased by inhibiting insulin signalling caused by the activation of the inceptor in diabetes.
The prospects of diabetes research
Despite the research, no proper diabetes cure with a proven clinical trial in different countries has been developed. Diabetes requires a global collaborative research study involving researchers and companies from all over the world.
Instead of a cure, we can also talk about some treatments
Treatment
Blood sugar monitoring, insulin, and oral medications may all be part of your treatment plan, depending on the type of diabetes you have. Eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular physical activity are all important components of diabetes management.
Maintaining a healthy weight through a healthy diet and exercise plan is an important part of managing diabetes — and your overall health:
Healthy Eating
There is no such thing as a diabetes diet. You'll need to eat more fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. These are foods high in nutrition and fibre while being low in fat and calories. You'll also reduce your consumption of saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and sweets. In fact, it is the best diet for the entire family. Sugary foods are acceptable on occasion. They must be included in your meal plan.
Understanding what to eat and how much to eat can be difficult. A registered dietitian can assist you in developing a meal plan that is tailored to your specific health goals, food preferences, and lifestyle. Carbohydrate counting is likely, especially if you have type 1 diabetes or use insulin as part of your treatment.
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Physical exercise.
Everyone requires regular aerobic exercise. Diabetes sufferers are included. Physical activity reduces blood sugar levels by transporting sugar into cells, where it is used for energy. Physical activity also increases insulin sensitivity. As a result, your body requires less insulin to transport sugar to your cells.
Obtain permission from your provider to exercise. Then select activities that you enjoy, such as walking, swimming, or cycling. The most important thing is to incorporate physical activity into your daily routine.
Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity on most days of the week, or 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week. During the day, bursts of activity can last a few minutes. If you haven't been active in a while, begin slowly and gradually increase your activity level. Avoid sitting for too long as well. If you've been sitting for more than 30 minutes, try to get up and move.
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Diabetes treatments for both type 1 and type 2
Insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, frequent blood sugar checks, and carbohydrate counting are all part of type 1 diabetes treatment. Pancreas or islet cell transplantation may be an option for some people with type 1 diabetes.
Treatment for type 2 diabetes consists primarily of lifestyle changes, blood sugar monitoring, and the use of oral diabetes medications, insulin, or both.
Transplantation
A pancreas transplant may be an option for some people with type 1 diabetes. Islet transplants are also being researched. You would no longer require insulin therapy if the pancreas transplant was successful.
However, transplants are not always successful. And these procedures are fraught with danger. To prevent organ rejection, you must take immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of your life. These medications can have severe side effects. As a result, transplants are typically reserved for people whose diabetes cannot be controlled or who also require a kidney transplant.
Weight loss surgery
Some people with type 2 diabetes who are obese and have a BMI greater than 35 may benefit from bariatric surgery. Blood sugar levels in people who have had gastric bypass surgery have significantly improved. However, the long-term risks and benefits of this procedure for type 2 diabetes are unknown.
Diabetes treatment for gestational diabetes
Controlling your blood sugar levels is critical to the health of your baby. It may also help you avoid complications during delivery. In addition to eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly, your treatment plan may include blood sugar monitoring. In some cases, you may also need to use insulin or oral medications.
During labour, your blood sugar level will be monitored by your provider. If your blood sugar levels rise, your baby may produce a large amount of insulin. This can result in low blood sugar immediately after birth.
Prediabetes treatment
If you have prediabetes, a healthy lifestyle can help you return to a normal blood sugar level. It may also prevent it from rising to the levels seen in type 2 diabetes. Maintaining a healthy weight through exercise and diet can help. Exercising at least 150 minutes per week and losing 7% of your body weight may help you avoid or delay type 2 diabetes.
Some people with prediabetes and other conditions, such as heart disease, may benefit from medications such as metformin, statins, and blood pressure medications.
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